Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, cars are becoming more and more popular. In fact, the biggest advantage of buying a car is that it is more convenient to travel. However, a luxury car is composed of many car parts, so-called auto parts. There are many types. As the basis of the automotive industry, automotive components are necessary factors to support the sustainable and healthy development of the automotive industry. In particular, the current automotive industry is undergoing vigorous and intensive independent development and innovation. It also requires a strong component system. support. Maybe everyone knows the major brands of cars, but when it comes to auto parts, most people are completely unaware. Today Xiaoxian Xiaobian will introduce to you the relevant knowledge about auto parts, including: auto parts classification , Inspection methods, service life and six taboos. Let's find out together!

　　Classification of auto parts

　　1. Engine system: engine assembly, filter, cylinder and components, fuel tank, crankshaft, camshaft, valves and components, belt, supercharger, carburetor, fuel injection device, other engine systems;

　　2. Transmission system: clutch, reducer assembly, transmission, universal joint, power take-off, synchronizer, differential assembly, transmission shaft, other transmission systems;

　　3. Steering system: steering gear assembly, steering wheel, booster, booster pump, steering knuckle, steering rod, other steering systems;

　　4. Brake system: brake shoe, brake pad, brake disc, brake drum, friction block, air compressor, brake assembly, hydraulic brake pump, other manufacturing systems;

　　5. Travel system: front axle, rear axle, shock absorption system, suspension system, balance weight, bumper, rim, wheel hub, other travel system;

　　6. Power supply and ignition system: car battery, igniter, vehicle inverter, spark plug, ignition coil, electronic regulator, cigarette lighter, distributor, power supply, ignition system accessories;

　　7. Vehicle instruments: tachometer, speedometer, automobile instrument, modified vehicle instrument, engineering vehicle instrument, electric vehicle instrument, automobile sensor, fuel gauge, barometer, water temperature gauge, oil pressure gauge, other automobile instruments;

　　8. Cooling system: thermostat, water pump, fan, radiator, automobile water pipe, water tank, other cooling system;

　　9, body and accessories: automobile glass, mirrors, license plate frames, seats and accessories, automobile bearings, armrests, handles, handles, leaf boards, cabs and accessories, glass lifters, wipers, car mufflers, car horns, insurance Bars, exhaust pipes, other bodywork and accessories;

　　10. Tires: automobile tires, agricultural vehicle tires, engineering machinery tires, other tires;

　　11. Headlights: headlights, headlights, turn signals, corner lights, taillights, fog lights, instrument lights, brake lights, roof lights, work lights, maintenance lights, other lights.

　　Auto parts inspection method

　　1, view

　　Inspection method refers to that the inspector grasps the damage of the part through the senses, and judges whether the part is available based on experience. For example, through eye observation (or with the help of a magnifying glass) to inspect the parts for damage, obvious deformation, severe wear and tear, material deterioration, etc., use hand hammering to inspect cracks and rivet looseness, or use new and old parts for comparison. Inspection, etc.

　　2, measurement method

　　The measurement method refers to measuring the existing dimensions, shape and position tolerances of a part with a measuring tool or measuring instrument, and comparing them with the allowable use values ​​specified in the technical standard to determine whether the part can continue to be used. Commonly used quantities include rulers, vernier calipers, centimeters (micrometers), dial gauges, thickness gauges, measuring calipers and special models.

　　3, flaw detection method

　　The flaw detection method mainly inspects the micro cracks on the surface of the part and the internal hidden flaws. Common flaw detection methods in production include magnetic flaw detection, oil immersion hammering, fluorescent flaw detection, ultrasonic flaw detection, and water pressure test. Magnetic flaw detection: Magnetic flaw detection is widely used because of its accurate and rapid inspection. The principle is that the parts to be inspected are placed in an electromagnetic field to make the parts magnetized. If there are defects such as cracks and pores on the surface or inside of the part, when the magnetic field lines pass through the part being inspected, they will be scattered or interrupted at the defect site with large magnetic resistance, thereby forming a magnetic pole. At this time, the magnetic iron powder is sprinkled on the surface of the part, and the iron powder is magnetized and adsorbed near the crack, showing the size, shape and location of the crack.

　　Service life of auto parts

　　1, engine

　　The life of the engine has a lot to do with the technical level of the manufacturer. Generally, it is about 10-15 years, but it is no problem to use it for good quality and maintenance for 20 years.

　　2, three filters

　　①The life of air filter (air filter) is 60,000 kilometers;

　　20,000 km of steam filter (gasoline filter) external, 60,000 km of internal filter;

　　③The life of the machine filter (oil filter) is basically the same as the oil.

　　3, tire

　　The tires of different brands have different life cycles, and the general life is 50,000-100,000 kilometers. According to international standards, when the tire is ground to a depth of 1.6 mm, it must be replaced. If it is not replaced in time, the tire will be cracked due to aging, which will reduce the bearing capacity and cause tire bursts.

　　4.Airbag

　　In theory, the service life of the airbag and the vehicle should be the same, but this is not the case. Generally, after 8 to 10 years of use, the quality is difficult to guarantee even if the airbag does not detonate.

　　5. Safety belt

　　The seat belt also has a life span, and the normal life of a car seat belt is only 3 years. After the seat belt is aged, the occupant may slip out of the seat belt in an emergency, causing serious injury, or unable to eat the momentum that should have been eaten. Instead, the person will be directly handed over to the airbag, causing serious injury to the occupant.

　　6, brake pads

　　The life of the brake pads has a great relationship with the actual use. Generally speaking, the service life of the front wheel brake pads is about 40,000 kilometers, and the rear wheel brake pads are about 80,000 kilometers. Why is the life of the front and rear wheel brake pads different? This is because the center of gravity of the car will lean forward when braking, and the front brake will bear more force than the rear brake.

　　7.Brake fluid

　　The service life is generally 2 years or 50,000 kilometers. If it is not replaced on time, it will cause air resistance due to deterioration, resulting in brake failure.

　　8, exhaust pipe

　　Replacement cycle: 70,000 kilometers. The exhaust pipe is one of the most vulnerable parts of the car bottom. Don't forget to take a look when you are overhauling, especially the exhaust pipe with a three-way catalyst, you should also carefully check it.

　　9.Starter

　　The general use cycle is 100,000 kilometers. If you run 20,000 kilometers in one year, you will light two times a day. Each time you plan to fire, you will find that its cumulative life is only 2 hours.

　　10.Battery

　　Batteries are also called accumulators. Generally, the life of maintenance-free accumulators is 2 years, and the life of water-filled batteries is 3 years, but this is only a theoretical value for reference. In general, if the light is dimmed during neutral or idling, the battery should be replaced.

　　11, headlights

　　HID xenon lamp life is 3000 hours, halogen lamp life is generally 500 hours, which means that ordinary halogen lamps can only be continuously lit for 21 days.

　　12. Wiper

　　The life is different with different quality and different maintenance. The life of wipers is generally 6 months to 2 years. If the wiper is not clean, you can wipe or sand the strip with sandpaper. If the effect is not good, you should change it.

　　13.Leather seat

　　The life of the leather seat of the leather seat is about 5-8 years. Poor quality leather materials generally cannot withstand high temperature and sun exposure. Even if they are well maintained, cracks will occur within a few years.

　　14. Insulation film

　　Generally speaking, better quality car film has a life span of 5-10 years.

　　六 Six taboos of auto parts

　　1, afraid of "string"

　　Various parts in the diesel fuel system, the main driven gear in the drive reducer, the hydraulically operated valve block and valve stem, the valve core and the valve sleeve in the full hydraulic steering gear, etc. After special processing and grinding in pairs, the combination is very precise, and they are always used in pairs during the life of the use. Some cooperating parts, such as pistons and cylinder liners, bearing pads and journals, valves and valve seats, connecting rod caps and shafts, etc., are relatively well matched after a period of wear and tear. During maintenance, you should also pay attention to Assemble in pairs and do not “knob each other”.

　　2, 2 afraid of "anti"

　　The cylinder head gasket of the engine must not be reversed during installation, otherwise it will cause premature ablation damage. Some special shaped piston rings cannot be reversed, and should be assembled according to the requirements of different models. The engine fan blades also have directions when they are installed. Requirements: Fans are generally divided into two types: exhaust and suction, which cannot be reversed, otherwise it will cause poor heat dissipation of the engine and excessive temperature; for tires with directional patterns, such as herringbone pattern tires, the imprint on the ground after installation should be attractive. The word tip points to the rear to ensure maximum driving force. For the two tires installed side by side, different models also have different requirements and cannot be installed at will.

　　3, three afraid of "oil"

　　The engine's dry air filter paper filter element has strong hygroscopicity. If it is stained with oil, it is easy to draw a mixture with a higher concentration into the cylinder, which causes insufficient air volume, increased fuel consumption, and reduced engine power. Causes "speeding"; if the triangle tape is stained with oil, it will accelerate its corrosion and aging, and at the same time, it is prone to slip and reduce transmission efficiency; brake shoes, friction plates of dry clutches, brake belts, etc. Fluid, it is prone to slippage and poor work, which threatens driving safety; oil stains on the starter motor and generator carbon brushes will cause insufficient power to the starter motor and low generator voltage due to poor contact. Tire rubber is very sensitive to oil corrosion. Contact with oil will cause the rubber to soften or peel, and short-term contact will cause abnormal damage or even serious damage to the tire.

　　4. Four are afraid of "washing"

　　Some people who are new to driving or repairing may think that all spare parts need to be cleaned. In fact, this understanding is one-sided. For the paper air filter element of the engine, when removing the dust on it, it can not be cleaned with any oil, just tap with your hand or high pressure air blows out from the inside of the filter element; it is not suitable for leather parts Use oil to clean, just wipe with a clean cloth.

　　5, Five are afraid of "press"

　　If the tire tyre is stored for a long time under stacking and not turned in time, it will be deformed due to extrusion, which will affect the service life. If the paper filter element of the air filter and fuel filter is squeezed, it will cause large deformation. And it can not reliably play the role of filtration; rubber oil seals, triangle tapes, oil pipes, etc. can not be squeezed, otherwise deformation will occur, affecting normal use.

　　6, Six are afraid of "duplication"

　　Some parts should be used once, but individual drivers or repairers use them repeatedly for the sake of economy or because they do not understand the “taboo”, which can easily lead to accidents. In general, engine connecting rod bolts, nuts, imported diesel engine injector fixing bolts, cylinder liner water-blocking rings, sealing copper pads, various oil seals of hydraulic systems, seal rings, and pin pieces and cotter pins of important parts are removed. After that, it must be replaced with a new one; although no damage was found during the maintenance of the engine cylinder pad, it is best to replace the new one, because the old product has poor elasticity, poor sealing, and is easy to be ablated, and it needs to be replaced after a long time. If there is a new product, it is better to replace it as much as possible.